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CBSE Class 1 · Mathematics

Vegetable Farm (Addition and Subtraction up to 20)

Official NCERT chapter from Joyful Mathematics (English) (book code aejm1). ExamMaster notes are original teaching at CBSE Class 1 depth.

This lesson follows the official chapter “Vegetable Farm (Addition and Subtraction up to 20)” in Joyful Mathematics (English). The words below are ExamMaster’s teaching, not a paste from the book. Use the NCERT chapter for the classroom sequence; use these notes to hold the idea without copying exercises or figures.

  • CBSE Class 1
  • Easy level
  • 8 concepts

1Two baskets of vegetables are two counted groups

Each basket has a finished count. You may not add “some more” that the farm story did not give.

Point at basket A, then basket B, before you join or take away.

Figure. Each basket is a finished count. Point at A, then at B, before you join or take away. No extra beans are hiding in the story.

How it works

  1. Count basket AOne-to-one.
  2. Count basket BOne-to-one.
  3. Keep both numbersThose are the two groups.

2Join the baskets up to 20

Class 1 farm joins stay up to 20. 9 and 8 join to 17. Crossing ten is allowed; inventing 30 is not.

Count on from the larger basket. Stop at the last on-word.

Figure. 9 and 8 join to 17. Crossing ten is allowed; inventing 30 is not. The join is one count of the same vegetable.

How it works

  1. Hold the larger count9.
  2. Count the other onEight next words.
  3. Stop by 20That is this chapter’s ceiling.

Join two baskets

A basket has 9 beans. Another has 8. How many beans together?

  • Start9
  • Join 89 + 8
  • Total17

Pro tip. Stay inside 20. Count on from 9.

3Subtraction names what a basket still holds

If 14 carrots sit in a basket and 6 are taken to cook, 8 remain. The basket still holds a counted group.

The taken part must be a count you can point to, not “some”.

Figure. 14 carrots sit in the basket. 6 leave for the kitchen. The remain bar is what the basket still holds: 8. 8 + 6 = 14.

How it works

  1. Start with the basket14.
  2. Take the cooking part6.
  3. Name what remains8. Check: 8 + 6 = 14.

4A farm story decides join or take away

“Picked more” is a join. “Gave to the kitchen” is a take-away. The story picks the action. The mark waits.

If you cannot say which action, you are not ready for plus or minus.

Figure. The story picks the action. Picked more is a join. Gave to the kitchen is a take-away. The mark waits until the action has a name.

How it works

  1. Hear the storyPicked, or given away?
  2. Name the actionJoin, or take away.
  3. Then write the markLast, not first.

5Crossing ten needs a split of the second addend

9 + 5 can be 9 + 1 + 4: first make 10, then add 4. The 5 was split. The total stayed 14.

The split is a tool for crossing ten, not a new story.

Figure. 9 + 5 is 9 + 1 + 4. The 1 finishes ten; the 4 rides after. The split is a tool for crossing ten, not a new farm story. Total 14.

How it works

  1. See what 9 needs to make 101.
  2. Split the 51 and 4.
  3. 10 + 414.

Cross ten from 9

Join 9 and 5 by making ten first.

  • Need to make 101
  • Split 51 + 4
  • 10 + 414

Pro tip. The split must add back to 5.

6A missing part is a subtraction

“A basket had 16. 7 remain. How many left for market?” is 16 take the remain, or 16 take the known part — name which part is missing.

One total, one known part, one unknown part. Do not invent a fourth number.

Figure. A basket had 16. 7 remain. The unknown market part is 16 − 7 = 9. One total, one known part, one missing part.

How it works

  1. Name the total16.
  2. Name the known part7 remain.
  3. The market part is the rest16 − 7 = 9.

7Problem stories stay with the vegetables you counted

If the story counted beans, the answer is beans. Do not switch to a rupee or a child mid-sum.

The unit rides with the count. A number without the vegetable is mute.

Figure. If the story counted beans, the answer is beans. Switching to rupees mid-sum drops the unit. A number without the vegetable is mute.

How it works

  1. Name the vegetableBeans, or carrots.
  2. Keep that unitThrough the join or take-away.
  3. Say the unit in the answer17 beans, not 17.

8Check by the opposite action

A join is checked by taking the new group back off. A take-away is checked by joining the leaving part back.

A check that fails means the first action was wrong, not that the farm changed.

Figure. A join is checked by taking the new group back off. 8 + 5 = 13, then 13 − 5 returns 8. A check that fails means the first action was wrong.

How it works

  1. Name the first actionJoin, or take away.
  2. Do the oppositeTake off, or join back.
  3. Demand the startMust match the first count.
9 + 8 = 17. The check is
  1. 17 − 8 = 9
  2. 17 + 8 = 25
  3. 9 − 8 = 1

Take the joined group back off. You must land on 9.

Notes

  • The official chapter title is “Vegetable Farm (Addition and Subtraction up to 20)”. Teach the school test for that title, not a contest shortcut.
  • If a step needs a later class, stop. The next official chapter will pick it up.

Formulas

  • Cross ten: split the second addend so the first becomes 10.
  • Opposite check: join \leftrightarrow take-away.

Recap

Hold these pegs from the official chapter “Vegetable Farm (Addition and Subtraction up to 20)”. The wording is ExamMaster’s teaching, not a textbook recap.

Two baskets of vegetables are two counted groups
Each basket has a finished count. You may not add “some more” that the farm story did not give.
Join the baskets up to 20
Class 1 farm joins stay up to 20. 9 and 8 join to 17. Crossing ten is allowed; inventing 30 is not.
Subtraction names what a basket still holds
If 14 carrots sit in a basket and 6 are taken to cook, 8 remain.
A farm story decides join or take away
“Picked more” is a join. “Gave to the kitchen” is a take-away. The story picks the action. The mark waits.
Crossing ten needs a split of the second addend
9 + 5 can be 9 + 1 + 4: first make 10, then add 4.
A missing part is a subtraction
“A basket had 16. 7 remain. How many left for market?” is 16 take the remain, or 16 take the known part — name which part is missing.

Practise Vegetable Farm (Addition and Subtraction up to 20)

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