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CBSE Class 4 · Mathematics

Equal Groups

Official NCERT chapter from Math-Mela (book code demm1). ExamMaster notes are original teaching at CBSE Class 4 depth.

This lesson follows the official chapter “Equal Groups” in Math-Mela. The words below are ExamMaster’s teaching, not a paste from the book. Use the NCERT chapter for the classroom sequence; use these notes to hold the idea without copying exercises or figures.

  • CBSE Class 4
  • Easy level
  • 8 concepts

1Animal jumps are equal groups on a track

A frog that always jumps 3 steps makes equal groups of 3 on the track. The jump-size is the group size.

A jump that sometimes 3 and sometimes 5 is not this chapter’s equal groups.

Figure. A jump of fixed size is one equal group. Four hops of 3 on the track are four groups, so the landing is 4 × 3 = 12. The track makes the groups visible before the multiplication sentence.

How it works

  1. Name the jump-size3 steps.
  2. Repeat that sizeEqual groups.
  3. Mark the landings0, 3, 6, 9, …

2Fill the blanks with how many jumps of a given size

How many jumps of 4 reach 20? That is how many equal groups of 4 sit in 20.

Filling a blank with a favourite number is not a jump-count.

Figure. The missing number is how many equal hops, not a new hop size. Count the arrows of 5 from 0 to 20: there are four, so the blank is 4 and 4 × 5 = 20.

How it works

  1. Name the landing20.
  2. Name the jump-size4.
  3. Count the jumps20 ÷ 4 = 5.

3Multiplication names those equal groups

5 \times 4 means 5 groups of 4 (or 5 jumps of 4). The product is the landing.

Writing 5 + 4 is a different story.

Figure. Multiplication is a name for equal groups already made. Four separate piles of 3 are 4 × 3. The sentence is allowed only after every pile has the same count.

How it works

  1. Count the groupsHow many jumps.
  2. Name the size of eachThe jump-size.
  3. Write groups \times sizeThat product is the total.

Jumps of 4 to 20

A hopper jumps 4 steps each time. How many jumps land on 20?

  • Jump-size4
  • Landing20
  • Jumps20 ÷ 4 = 5
  • Check5 × 4 = 20

Pro tip. Division asks how many equal groups. Multiplication rebuilds the landing.

4An array is rows of jumps

3 rows of 4 is the same 12 as 3 jumps of 4 if each jump is a row. An array lets you see rows × columns.

A scattered pile is not an array until you make rows.

Figure. An array is the same equal groups, stood in rows. Three rows of four cells are 3 × 4. You can read it the other way as four columns of three — same twelve cells.

How it works

  1. Make equal rowsSame count in each.
  2. Count rows and the row-size3 and 4.
  3. Write 3 \times 4 = 12Rows of jumps.

5A leftover jump is a remainder if the track does not fit

Jumps of 5 on a 23-step track: 4 jumps make 20, leftover 3. That 3 is a remainder, not a fifth jump.

Forcing a fifth jump of 5 would overshoot.

Figure. When the track is 14 and each jump is 4, three jumps land on 12 and 2 are left. The leftover is a remainder, not a mistake. Write 14 = 3 × 4 + 2.

How it works

  1. Fill full jumps4 × 5 = 20.
  2. See what remains3.
  3. Keep it as remainder23 = 4 × 5 + 3.

6Skip-count to find the total

4, 8, 12, 16, 20 is skip-count by 4. The last word after 5 skips is the total.

Skip only by the jump-size you named.

Figure. Skip-counting is saying the landings: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20. Each spoken number is one more equal group of 4. Five landings mean 5 × 4 = 20.

How it works

  1. Name the skip4.
  2. Say the next words4, 8, 12, …
  3. Stop after the asked number of jumpsLast word is the landing.

7Division asks how many jumps, or how long each jump is

20 \div 4 can mean “how many jumps of 4” or “if 4 jumps make 20, how long is each”. Two readings, one sentence.

Do not swap the reading mid-problem without saying so.

Figure. Division has two honest readings of the same twelve. How many jumps of 3 fit in 12? Four jumps. How long is each jump if 12 is split into 4 jumps? Three. Same array, two questions.

How it works

  1. Hear which is unknownNumber of jumps, or jump-size.
  2. Write the divisionTotal ÷ known = unknown.
  3. Check by multiplying backUnknown × known = total.

Notes

  • The official chapter title is “Equal Groups”. Teach the school test for that title, not a contest shortcut.
  • If a step needs a later class, stop. The next official chapter will pick it up.

Formulas

  • a \times b means a groups of b.
  • a \div b asks how many groups of b, or the size of each of a groups.
  • Total = (full groups\times size) + remainder.

Recap

Hold these pegs from the official chapter “Equal Groups”. The wording is ExamMaster’s teaching, not a textbook recap.

Animal jumps are equal groups on a track
A frog that always jumps 3 steps makes equal groups of 3 on the track.
Fill the blanks with how many jumps of a given size
How many jumps of 4 reach 20? That is how many equal groups of 4 sit in 20.
Multiplication names those equal groups
5 \times 4 means 5 groups of 4 (or 5 jumps of 4).
An array is rows of jumps
3 rows of 4 is the same 12 as 3 jumps of 4 if each jump is a row.
A leftover jump is a remainder if the track does not fit
Jumps of 5 on a 23-step track: 4 jumps make 20, leftover 3.
Skip-count to find the total
4, 8, 12, 16, 20 is skip-count by 4. The last word after 5 skips is the total.

Practise Equal Groups

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  • A 4-question practice set that ends the chapter
  • 1 quick check with worked explanations
  • Timed mocks scored with the real marking scheme
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