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CBSE Class 10 · Science

Metals and Non-metals

Official NCERT chapter from Science (book code jesc1). ExamMaster notes are original teaching at CBSE Class 10 depth.

This lesson follows the official chapter “Metals and Non-metals” in Science. The words below are ExamMaster’s teaching, not a paste from the book. Use the NCERT chapter for the classroom sequence; use these notes to hold the idea without copying exercises or figures.

  • CBSE Class 10
  • Medium level
  • 8 concepts

1PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties at this class are look-and-feel tests: metals typically shine, conduct, and can be beaten or drawn as taught; non-metals typically do not. Physical is those tests, not a reaction. A metal that is a poor school-example (as the lesson named) is an exception, not a reason to drop the test-list.

A gold-sticker is not conductivity.

Figure. The school test is conduction, not the colour of the sample. Metals take the long bars; non-metals take the short ones. Lengths are ranks, not SI siemens.

How it works

  1. Run shine, conduct, beat/draw as taughtThe physical list.
  2. Hang metal or non-metalThe sort.
  3. Name an exception only if the lesson didHumble list.

2CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS

Chemical properties of metals: they can form oxides, react with water or acid as the reactivity order taught, and give ions by losing electrons in the school story. Chemical is a new-substance look, not shine. A metal high on the taught order reacts more readily than one low.

Calling rust “just dirt” skips the chemical heading.

Figure. A metal’s chemical story is which partner it joins: water, steam, or acid. K reacts fiercely; Au almost not at all. Bars are a reactivity rank, not a rate constant.

How it works

  1. Name the partner (oxygen, water, acid) as givenThe react-with.
  2. Name the product as taughtThe chemical look.
  3. Place the metal on the taught order if askedReactivity.

3HOW DO METALS AND NON-METALS REACT?

Metals and non-metals react by a transfer-story: the metal loses, the non-metal gains, and an ionic compound can form, as taught. How they react is that transfer, not a handshake cartoon. Na with Cl as a school pair is enough.

A covalent share between two non-metals is a different chapter’s bond if that is the pair.

Figure. A metal atom loses electrons; a non-metal atom gains them. The product is an ionic salt, not a shared pair.

How it works

  1. Name the metal and the non-metalThe pair.
  2. Say transfer as the lesson didThe react.
  3. Write the ionic formula if askedThe product.

4CORROSION

Corrosion is a slow chemical eat of a metal by air, water, or a named leftover — rust on iron as the school look. A coat of paint or a more-reactive coat (as taught) is a protect-job. Corrosion is the eat, not “old” as a vibe.

A scratched plastic is not this metal-eat.

Figure. Rust needs iron, water, and air together. Dry iron, or iron under oil, misses a partner and does not rust.

How it works

  1. Name the metal and the leftover (air, water)The eat.
  2. Name the look (rust, a green coat — as taught)Corrosion.
  3. Name one protect-jobPaint, or a taught coat.

5A definition is a test you can run

Metal / non-metal is a test: a physical list plus a chemical partner. If you only say “shiny”, you have one look.

A foil advert is not the test.

Figure. “Metal” is a test you can run — conduction, not a shiny nickname. Fail the test and the sample is not a metal in this chapter.

How it works

  1. Run shine/conduct and one chemical partnerThe object.
  2. Hang the drawerThe test.
  3. Then the word has contentThe definition ran.

6Name the given before the unknown

The given is the look or the partner. The unknown is metal/non-metal or “will it displace?”. Copy the reactivity order before you invent a fizz.

A jewellery photo is not the given acid-test.

Figure. Write the metal and the acid you were given before chasing the gas. The unknown is the last box, not the first.

How it works

  1. Copy the look or the named partnerThe given.
  2. Name the drawer or the productThe unknown.
  3. Then sort or reactGiven first.

7One worked case is enough at this class

One metal-and-partner is enough. A page of the same rust-clone does not add a new transfer.

Ten twins of “iron rusts” are still one idea.

Figure. One school case: two magnesium atoms join one oxygen molecule to two units of oxide. Counts on both sides match.

How it works

  1. Run one physical list or one react-withThe case.
  2. A second only as a checkOptional.
  3. StopThis class.

8A miss: swapping the school name for the picture

A jewellery photo is a setting. The science is shine/conduct or a rust-look. Gold is not “all metals”.

A coin still needs the test-list.

Figure. Colour is not the metal test. Gold stays gold because it refuses the partners in this chapter, not because it looks yellow.

How it works

  1. Keep the jewel as a storyA setting.
  2. Run the physical or chemical testThe science.
  3. Then the drawerDo not swap.
Corrosion is
  1. A slow chemical eat of a metal — rust as a school look
  2. Dirt sitting on top with no change
  3. A physical shine-test

New substance; protect-jobs exist.

Notes

  • Mapped to the official NCERT chapter “Metals and Non-metals”. Original teaching only — no textbook sentences.
  • Science here is Physics, Chemistry and Biology ideas at this class, never a language or social-science chapter.

Recap

Hold these pegs from the official chapter “Metals and Non-metals”. The wording is ExamMaster’s teaching, not a textbook recap.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical properties at this class are look-and-feel tests: metals typically shine, conduct, and can be beaten or drawn as taught; non-metals typically do not.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS
Chemical properties of metals: they can form oxides, react with water or acid as the reactivity order taught, and give ions by losing electrons in the school story.
HOW DO METALS AND NON-METALS REACT?
Metals and non-metals react by a transfer-story: the metal loses, the non-metal gains, and an ionic compound can form, as taught.
CORROSION
Corrosion is a slow chemical eat of a metal by air, water, or a named leftover — rust on iron as the school look.
A definition is a test you can run
Metal / non-metal is a test: a physical list plus a chemical partner.
Name the given before the unknown
The given is the look or the partner. The unknown is metal/non-metal or “will it displace?”. Copy the reactivity order before you invent a fizz.

Practise Metals and Non-metals

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